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19-1781; rev 7; 10/12 for pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact maxim direct at 1-888-629-4642, or visit maxim? website at www.maximintegrated.com. max4376/max4377/ max4378 single/dual/quad, high-side current-sense amplifiers with internal gain gnd out rs+ v cc 1 5 rs- max4376 2 34 top view sot23 + general description the max4376/max4377/max4378 single, dual, and quad precision high-side current-sense amplifiers are available in space-saving packages. they feature buffered voltage outputs that eliminate the need for gain-setting resistors and are ideal for today? notebook computers, cell phones, and other systems where cur- rent monitoring is critical. these precision devices are offered in three fixed-gain versions of 20, 50, and 100: gain suffix 20 t 50 f 100 h for example, max4376tauk is a single high-side amplifier with a gain of 20. high-side current monitoring is especially useful in bat- tery-powered systems since it does not interfere with the ground path of the battery charger. the input com- mon-mode range of 0 to +28v is independent of the supply voltage and ensures that the current-sense feedback remains viable even when connected to a battery pack in deep discharge. the full-scale current reading can be set by choosing the appropriate voltage gain and external-sense resis- tor. this capability offers a high level of integration and flexibility, resulting in a simple and compact current- sense solution. the max4376/max4377/max4378 operate over a sup- ply voltage range of +3v to +28v, draw 1ma of supply current per amplifier, and operate over the full automo- tive temperature range of -40 c to +125 c. these devices have a wide bandwidth of 2mhz, making them suitable for use inside battery-charger control loops. the buffered outputs drive up to 2ma of output current into a ground-referenced load. the max4376 is available in a tiny 5-pin sot23 pack- age. the max4377/max4378 are available in space- saving 8-pin ?ax and 14-pin tssop packages, respectively. applications features low-cost, single/dual/quad, high-side current- sense amplifiers ?.5% typical full-scale accuracy +3v to +28v supply operation adjustable current-sense capability with external sense resistor buffered output voltage with 2ma drive 1ma (typ) supply current 2.0mhz bandwidth (gain = +20v/v) automotive temperature range (-40? to +125?) high accuracy +2v to +28v common-mode range, functional down to 0v, independent of supply voltage three gain versions available +20v/v (max437_t) +50v/v (max437_f) +100v/v (max437_h) available in space-saving 5-pin sot23 (single), 8-pin max (dual), and 14-pin tssop (quad) pin configurations continued at end of data sheet. ?ax is a registered trademark of maxim integrated products, inc. ordering information notebook computers current-limited power supplies fuel gauges in pc general-system/board- level current monitoring battery chargers portable/battery-powered systems cell phones smart battery packages automotive current detect power management systems pa bias control pin configurations part gain ( +v/v ) temp range pin- package top mark max4376 t auk+t 20 -40 c to +125 c 5 sot23 adog max4376tauk/v+t 20 -40 c to +125 c 5 sot23 max4376fauk+t 50 -40 c to +125 c 5 sot23 adoh max4376hauk+t 100 -40 c to +125 c 5 sot23 adoi m ax 4376h a u k/v + t 100 -40 c to +125 c 5 sot23 afgo max4376tasa+ 20 -40 c to +125 c8 so max4376fasa+ 50 -40 c to +125 c8 so max4376hasa+ 100 -40 c to +125 c8 so ordering information continued at end of data sheet. + denotes a lead(pb)-free/rohs-compliant package. /v denotes an automotive qualified part. t = tape and reel.
max4376/max4377/max4378 single/dual/quad, high-side current-sense amplifiers with internal gain 2 maxim integrated absolute maximum ratings electrical characteristics (v rs+ = 0 to 28v, v sense = (v rs+ - v rs- ) = 0v, v cc = +3.0v to +28v, r l = , t a = t min to t max, unless otherwise noted. typical values are at t a = 25 c.) (note 1) stresses beyond those listed under ?bsolute maximum ratings?may cause permanent damage to the device. these are stress rating s only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specificatio ns is not implied. exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. v cc , rs+, rs- to gnd ...........................................-0.3v to +30v out to gnd ...............................................-0.3v to (v cc + 0.3v) differential input voltage (v rs+ - v rs- ).................................?v output short circuit to v cc ........................................continuous output short circuit to gnd .....................................................1s current into any pin..........................................................?0ma continuous power dissipation (t a = +70 c) 5-pin sot23 (derate 7.1mw/ c above +70 c)............571mw 8-pin ?ax (derate 4.5mw/ c above +70 c) .............362mw 8-pin so (derate 5.88mw/ c above +70 c)................471mw 14-pin so (derate 8.33mw/ c above +70 c)..............667mw 14-pin tssop (derate 9.1mw/ c above +70 c) .........727mw operating temperature range .........................-40 c to +125 c junction temperature ......................................................+150 c storage temperature range .............................-65 c to +150 c lead temperature (soldering, 10s) .................................+300 c soldering temperature (reflow) .......................................+260 c parameter symbol conditions min typ max units operating voltage range v cc guaranteed by psr test 3 28 v common-mode input range v cm guaranteed by total out voltage error test 0 28 v common-mode rejection cmr 2v v rs+ 28v, v sense = 100mv 90 db supply current per amplifier i cc v sense = 5mv, v rs+ > 2.0v, v cc = 12v 1 2.2 ma leakage current i rs+ , i rs- v cc = 0v, v rs+ = 28v 8 a v rs+ > 2.0v 0 60 i rs + v rs+ 2.0v -400 60 v rs+ > 2.0v 0 120 input bias current i rs- v rs+ 2.0v -800 120 a full-scale sense voltage v sense 150 mv v sense = 100mv, v cc = 12v, v rs+ = 12v 6.75 v sense = 100mv, v cc = 12v, t a = +25 c, v rs+ = 12v 0.5 3.25 v sense = 100mv, v cc = 28v, v rs+ = 28v 11 v sense = 100mv, v cc = 28v, v rs+ = 28v, t a = +25 c ?.5 5 v sense = 100mv, v cc = 12v, v rs+ = 0.1v 9 32 total ou t v ol tag e e r r or ( n ote 2) i out 2ma v sense = 6.25mv, v cc = 12v, v rs+ = 12v (note 3) 7 % out high voltage (note 4) ( v c c - v out ) v cc = 3v, i out = 2ma, v rs+ = 28v 0.9 1.2 v out low voltage v ol i out = 200?, v cc = v rs+ = 12v, v sense = 0v, t a = +25? 25 40 mv
max4376/max4377/max4378 single/dual/quad, high-side current-sense amplifiers with internal gain 3 maxim integrated electrical characteristics (continued) (v rs+ = 0 to 28v, v sense = (v rs+ - v rs- ) = 0v, v cc = +3.0v to +28v, r l = , t a = t min to t max, unless otherwise noted. typical values are at t a = 25 c.) (note 1) note 1: all devices are 100% production tested at t a = +25 c. all temperature limits are guaranteed by design. note 2: total out voltage error is the sum of gain and offset errors. note 3: 6.25mv = 1/16 of 100mv full-scale sense voltage. note 4: v sense such that v out is in saturation. parameter symbol conditions min typ max units v sense = 100mv (gain = +20v/v) 2 v sense = 100mv (gain = +50v/v) 1.7 v sense = 100mv (gain = +100v/v) 1.2 bandwidth bw v cc = 12v v rs+ = 12v c load = 15pf v s e ns e = 6.25m v (n ote 3) 0.5 mhz slew rate sr v sense = 20mv to 100mv, c load = 15pf 10 v/? max437_t +20 max437_f +50 gain a v max437_h +100 v/v t a = t m in to t m ax ?.5 v sense = 10mv to 150mv, v cc = 12v, i out = 2ma, gain = 20 and 50, v rs+ = 12v t a = +25 c 0.5 2.5 t a = t m in to t m ax 5.5 gain accuracy ? a v v s e n s e = 10m v to 150m v , v c c = 20v , i ou t = 2m a, g ai n = 100, v r s + = 12v t a = +25 c 0.5 2.5 % v sense = 6.25mv to 100mv 400 out setting time to 1% of final value v c c = 12v , v rs + = 12v , c load = 15pf v sense = 100mv to 6.25mv 800 ns maximum capacitive load c load no sustained oscillation 1000 pf output resistance r out v sense = 100mv 5 ? power-supply rejection psr v rs+ > 2v, v out = 1.6v, v cc = 3v to 28v 66 90 db power-up time to 1% of final value v sense = 100mv, c load = 15pf 2 s saturation recovery time to 1% of final value v cc = 12v, v rs+ = 12v, c load = 15pf, v sense = 100mv 1s reverse recovery time to 1% of final value v cc = 12v, v rs _ = 12v, c load = 15pf, v sense = -100mv to +100mv 1s
max4376/max4377/max4378 single/dual/quad, high-side current-sense amplifiers with internal gain 4 maxim integrated 0.50 0.65 0.60 0.55 0.70 0.75 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95 1.00 010 5 15202530 supply current (per amplifier) vs. supply voltage max4376/7/8 toc01 supply voltage (v) supply current (ma) max4376h max4376f max4376f max4376t 0 0.4 0.2 0.8 0.6 1.2 1.0 1.4 -50 0 25 -25 50 75 100 125 supply current (per amplifier) vs. temperature max4376/7/8 toc02 temperature ( c) supply current (ma) max4376t max4376f max4376h -1.0 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 total output error vs. supply voltage (v sense = 100mv) max4376/7/8 toc03 supply voltage (v) total output error (%) max4376h max4376t max4376f -1 -2 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 total output error vs. supply voltage (v sense = 6.25mv) max4376/7/8 toc04 total output error (%) -4 -3 010 5 15202530 supply voltage (v) max4376h max4376f max4376t -1.0 -0.4 -0.6 -0.8 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 010 5 15202530 total output error vs. common-mode voltage max4376/7/8 toc05 common-mode voltage (v) total output error (%) max4376t max4376f max4376h -2.0 -1.0 -1.5 0 -0.5 1.5 1.0 0.5 2.0 gain accuracy vs. temperature max4376/7/8 toc06 temperature ( c) gain accuracy (%) max4376h max4376f max4376t -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 typical operating characteristics (v cc = v rs+ = 12v, v sense = 100mv, t a = +25 c.) -1.0 -0.6 -0.8 -0.2 -0.4 0.2 0 0.4 0.8 0.6 1.0 -50 0 25 -25 50 75 100 125 150 total output error vs. temperature max4376/7/8 toc07 temperature ( c) total output error (%) max4376h max4376t max4376f
max4376/max4377/max4378 single/dual/quad, high-side current-sense amplifiers with internal gain 5 maxim integrated typical operating characteristics (continued) (v cc = v rs+ = 12v, v sense = 100mv, t a = +25 c.) 2 s/div max4376f small-signal transient response (v sense = 95mv to 100mv) in 5mv/div out 100mv/div 95mv 100mv 5v 4.75v max4376 toc10 c l = 15pf r l = 2.5k ? 2 s/div max4376h small-signal transient response (v sense = 95mv to 100mv) in 5mv/div out 200mv/div 95mv 100mv 10v 9.5v max4376 toc11 c l = 15pf r l = 5k ? 2 s/div max4376t large-signal transient response (v sense = 6mv to 100mv) in 45mv/div out 500mv/div 6mv 100mv 2v 0.120v max4376 toc12 c l = 15pf r l = 1k ? -2 0 -1 2 1 4 3 5 total output error vs. full-scale sense voltage max4376/7/8 toc08 v sense (mv) total output error (%) 0 50 100 150 200 max4376f max4376h max4376t 2 s/div max4376t small-signal transient response (v sense = 95mv to 100mv) in 5mv/div out 50mv/div 95mv 100mv 2.0v 1.9v max4376 toc09 c l = 15pf r l =1k ? 2 s/div max4376f large-signal transient response (v sense = 6mv to 100mv) in 45mv/div out 2v/div 6mv 100mv 5v 0.3v max4376 toc13 c l = 15pf r l = 2.5k ?
max4376/max4377/max4378 single/dual/quad, high-side current-sense amplifiers with internal gain 6 maxim integrated pin description pin max4376 max4376 max4377 max4378 sot23-5 so-8 ?ax-8/ so-8 so-14/ tssop-14 name function 1 4 1, 7 1, 7, 8, 14 out, out_ output voltage. v out_ is proportional to the magnitude of the sense voltage (v rs+ - v rs- ). v out_ is approximately zero when v rs - > v rs - + (no phase reversal). 2 3 4 11 gnd ground 31 8 4 v cc supply voltage 4 8 3, 5 3, 5, 10, 12 rs+, rs_+ power connection to the external sense resistor 5 6 2, 6 2, 6, 9, 13 rs-, rs_- load-side connection to the external sense resistor 2, 5, 7 n.c. no connection. not internally connected. 2 s/div max4376h large-signal transient response (v sense = 6mv to 100mv) in 45mv/div out 3v/div 6mv 100mv 10v 0.6v max4376 toc14 c l = 15pf r l = 5k ? 0 1.e+04 1.e+07 1.e+06 1.e+05 small-signal gain vs. frequency 15 5 35 25 45 20 10 40 30 max4376/7/8 toc15 frequency (hz) gain (db) max4376t max4376f max4376h time (500ns) overdrive response av = +20v/v in 200mv/div out 2v/div 350mv 750mv v oh 7v max4376/7/8 toc16 0 100 50 200 150 350 300 250 400 output low vs. temperature max4376/7/8 toc17 temperature ( c) output low (mv) -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 max4376h max4376f max4376t typical operating characteristics (continued) (v cc = v rs+ = 12v, v sense = 100mv, t a = +25 c.)
max4376/max4377/max4378 single/dual/quad, high-side current-sense amplifiers with internal gain 7 maxim integrated detailed description the max4376/max4377/max4378 high-side current- sense amplifiers feature a 0 to +28v input common-mode range that is independent of supply voltage. this feature allows the monitoring of current out of a battery in deep discharge and also enables high-side current sensing at voltages greater than the supply voltage (v cc ). the max4376/max4377/max4378 operate as follows: current from the source flows through r sense to the load (figure 1). since the internal sense amplifier? inverting input has high impedance, negligible current flows through rg2 (neglecting the input bias current). therefore, the sense amplifier? inverting-input voltage equals v source - (i load )(r sense ). the amplifier? open-loop gain forces its noninverting input to the same voltage as the inverting input. therefore, the drop across rg1 equals (i load ) (r sense ). since i rg1 flows through rg1, i rg1 = (i load )(r sense )/rg1. the internal current mirror multi- plies i rg1 by a current gain factor, , to give i rgd = x i rg1 . solving i rgd = x (i load )(r sense )/rg1. therefore: v out = x (rgd/rg1)(r sense x i load ) x amp gain where amp gain is 2, 5, or 10. the part? gain equals ( x rgd / rg1) x amp gain. therefore: v out = (gain)(r sense )(i load ) where gain = 20 for max437_t. gain = 50 for max437_f. gain = 100 for max437_h. set the full-scale output range by selecting r sense and the appropriate gain version of the max4376/ max4377/max4378. applications information recommended component values the max4376/max4377/max4378 sense a wide variety of currents with different sense resistor values. table 1 lists common resistor values for typical operation of the max4376/max4377/max4378. choosing r sense to measure lower currents more accurately, use a high value for r sense . the high value develops a higher sense voltage that reduces offset voltage errors of the internal op amp. in applications monitoring very high currents, r sense must be able to dissipate the i 2 r losses. if the resistor? rated power dissipation is exceeded, its value may drift or it may fail altogether, causing a differential voltage across the terminals in excess of the absolute maxi- mum ratings. if i sense has a large high-frequency component, mini- mize the inductance of r sense . wire-wound resistors have the highest inductance, metal-film resistors are somewhat better, and low-inductance metal-film resis- tors are best suited for these applications. bidirectional current-sense amplifier systems such as laptop computers and other devices that have internal charge circuitry require a precise bidirectional current-sense amplifier to monitor accu- rately the battery? current regardless of polarity. figure 2 shows the max4377 used as a bidirectional current monitor. this is useful for implementing either smart battery packs or fuel gauges. current source circuit figure 3 shows a block diagram using the max4376 with a switching regulator to make a current source.
max4376/max4377/max4378 single/dual/quad, high-side current-sense amplifiers with internal gain 8 maxim integrated r sense v source 0 to +28v +3v to +28v rgd v out i rg1 i rgd i load r g1 r g2 rs- rs+ out gnd to load battery v cc current mirror a1 max4376 a v = 2, 5, or 10 out figure 1. functional diagram r sense +3v to +28v v cc battery max4377 system and charger out2 rs1+ rs1- out1 rs2- rs2+ figure 2. bidirectional current monitor full-scale load current, i load (a) current-sense resistor, r sense (m ? ) gain (+v/v) full-scale output voltage (full-scale v sense = 100mv), v out (v) 0.1 1000 20 2.0 50 5.0 100 10.0 1 100 20 2.0 50 5.0 100 10.0 5 20 20 2.0 50 5.0 100 10.0 10 10 20 2.0 50 5.0 100 10.0 table 1. recommended component values
max4376/max4377/max4378 single/dual/quad, high-side current-sense amplifiers with internal gain 9 maxim integrated top view rs- n.c. out 1 2 8 7 rs+ n.c. n.c. gnd v cc 3 4 6 5 max4376 so rs2- rs2+ gnd 1 2 8 7 v cc out2 rs1- rs1+ out1 3 4 6 5 max4377 max/so rs4+ gnd v cc 1 2 14 13 out4 rs4- rs1- rs1+ out1 3 4 12 11 max4378 so/tssop 5 6 rs2- out2 rs2+ 7 out3 10 9 rs3+ rs3- 8 + + + max4376t/f/h r sense 0 to +28v i load v sense v cc out gnd rs+ +3v to +28v rs- load/ battery a/d converter 0.1 f typical operating circuit ordering information (continued) part gain ( +v/v ) temp range pin- package top mark max4377 t aua+ 20 -40 c to +125 c 8 ?ax max4377faua+ 50 -40 c to +125 c 8 ?ax max4377haua+ 100 -40 c to +125 c 8 ?ax max4377tasa+ 20 -40 c to +125 c 8 so max4377fasa+ 50 -40 c to +125 c 8 so max4377hasa+ 100 -40 c to +125 c 8 so max4378 t aud+ 20 -40 c to +125 c 14 tssop max4378faud+ 50 -40 c to +125 c 14 tssop max4378haud+ 100 -40 c to +125 c 14 tssop max4378tasd+ 20 -40 c to +125 c 14 so max4378fasd+ 50 -40 c to +125 c 14 so max4378hasd+ 100 -40 c to +125 c 14 so max4376 r sense i load 0 to +18v v sense v cc out v in gnd rs+ +3v to +28v 0.1 f rs- load/ battery low-cost switching regulator max1745 figure 3. current source chip information process: bicmos pin configurations (continued) + denotes a lead(pb)-free/rohs-compliant package.
max4376/max4377/max4378 single/dual/quad, high-side current-sense amplifiers with internal gain 10 maxim integrated package information for the latest package outline information and land patterns (footprints), go to www.maximintegrated.com/packages . note that a ?? ?? or ??in the package code indicates rohs status only. package drawings may show a different suffix character, but the drawing per tains to the package regardless of rohs status. package type package code outline no. land pattern no. 5 sot u5+1 21-0057 90-0174 8 soic s8+2 21-0041 90-0096 8 ?ax u8+1 21-0036 90-0092 14 soic s14+1 21-0041 90-0096 14 tssop u14+1 21-0066 90-0117
maxim integrated cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a maxim integr ated product. no circuit patent licenses are implied. maxim integrated reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time . the parametric values (min and max limits) shown in the electrical characteristics table are guaranteed. other parametric values quoted in this data sheet are provided for guidance. maxim integrated 160 rio robles, san jose, ca 95134 usa 1-408-601-1000 ________________________________ 11 ? 2012 maxim integrated products, inc. maxim integrated and the maxim integrated logo are trademarks of maxim integrated products , inc. max4376/max4377/max4378 single/dual/quad, high-side current-sense amplifiers with internal gain revision history revision number revision date description pages changed 4 4/09 added automotive part number and lead-free designations 1, 9 5 6/10 clarified 0v to 2v is not a high-accuracy range for the device, added soldering temperature and package information section 1, 2, 10 6 2/11 specified v rs+ value 2, 3 7 10/12 added max4376hasa+ and max4376tauk/v+t to ordering information 1

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